In 1933 King Mohammed Nadir Khan was assassinated by Abdul Khaliq Hazara. Hazara continued to face severe social, economic, and political discrimination through most of the 20th century. However, the division between the Afghan government and the Hazara people was already made too deep under Abdur Rahman. In 1901, Habibullah Khan, Abdur Rahman's eldest son and successor granted amnesty to all people who were exiled by his predecessor. 20th and 21st centuryĪbdul Khaliq Hazara, who assassinated King Nadir Khan These campaigns had a catastrophic impact on the demographics of Hazaras causing over 60% of them to perish with some becoming displaced. Abdur Rahman arrested Syed Jafar, chief of the Sheikh Ali Hazaras, and jailed him in Mazar-e Sharif. In response to this Abdur Rahman waged a war against tribal leaders who rejected his policies and rule. The southern part of Hazarajat was spared as they accepted his rule, while the other parts of Hazarajat rejected Abdur Rahman and instead supported his uncle, Sher Ali Khan. He launched several campaigns in Hazarajat due to resistance from the Hazara in which his forces committed atrocities. When the Treaty of Gandomak was signed and the Second Anglo-Afghan War ended in 1880, Abdur Rahman Khan set out a goal to bring Hazarajat and Kafiristan under his control. However, for the most part, they still managed to keep their regional autonomy until the subjugation of Abdur Rahman Khan began in the late 19th century. See also: 1888–1893 Uprisings of Hazaras and Persecution of Hazara peopleĭuring the second reign of Dost Mohammad Khan in the 19th century, Hazara from Hazarajat began to be taxed for the first time. Hazara men, along with those of other ethnic groups, were recruited to the army of Ahmad Shah Durrani in the 18th century. It is reported that they embraced Shia Islam between the end of the 16th and the beginning of the 17th century, during the Safavid period. The first mention of Hazara is made by Babur in the early 16th century and later by the court historians of Shah Abbas of the Safavid dynasty. mtDNA sequencing studies demonstrated relatively high frequencies of West Eurasian mtDNA. These result in academics believing that Hazaras are ultimately a result of several Turco-Mongol tribes mixing with the local populations. The second wave of mostly Chagatai Turco-Mongols came from Central Asia, associated with the Ilkhanate and the Timurids, all of whom settled in Hazarajat and mixed with the local populations. For example, Qara'unas settled in what is now Afghanistan and mixed with the local populations. Invading Mongols and Turco-Mongols mixed with the local indigenous Turkic and Iranic populations.

Genetic analysis of some of the Hazara indicates partial Mongol ancestry. This is a result of common physical attributes, physical appearance, parts of their culture and language resembling those of Central Asian Turkic tribes and the Mongols, although phenotype can vary, with some noting that certain Hazaras may resemble Europeans or peoples native to the Iranian plateau. OriginĪlthough the origins of the Hazara people have not been fully reconstructed, Turkic and Mongol origin is probable for the majority. With time, the term could have been substituted for the Mongol word and now stands for the group of people, while the Hazara people in their native language call themselves 'Azra' ( āzra آزره or azra ازره). It may be the translation of the Mongol word ( mingghan), a military unit of 1,000 soldiers at the time of Genghis Khan.

Īnother view is that the name 'Hazara' ( hazāra هزاره) derives from the Persian word for 'thousand' ('Hazar') ( hazār هزار). Historian Abdul Hai Habibi considers the word 'Hazara' ( hazāra هزاره) to be very old, and it is derived from 'Hazala' ( hazāla هزاله), which has changed to 'Hazara' over time and has meant 'good hearted'. He referred to the populace of a region called Hazaristan.

The etymology of the word 'Hazara' remains disputed, but some have differing views on the term.īabur, founder of the Mughal Empire in the early 16th century, records the name 'Hazara' in his autobiography.

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